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tree martin : ウィキペディア英語版
tree martin

The tree martin (''Petrochelidon nigricans'') is a member of the swallow family of passerine birds. It breeds in Australia, mostly south of latitude 20°S, and in Timor. It is migratory wintering through most of Australia, New Guinea, Indonesia east of the Wallace Line and the Solomon Islands. It is a vagrant to New Zealand, where it has bred, and New Caledonia. This species is frequently placed in the genus ''Hirundo'' as ''Hirundo nigricans''.
This is a bird of open woodland, preferably with large trees to provide nest holes. It is increasingly common in urban and suburban areas.
==Description==
The tree martin averages 13 cm long and has a shallowly forked tail. The adult has an iridescent blue back and crown, brown wings and tail, a rufous forehead and a whitish rump. The underparts are white. The sexes are similar, but young birds are duller and browner, with a paler forehead and pale fringes to the back and wing feathers.
The call of this vocal swallow is a ''tsweet'' and the song is a high-pitched twitter.
This species can be distinguished from other Australian swallows by its tail shape and pale rump. The most similar species, the fairy martin, has a rufous head and nape
The tree martin has three subspecies:
*''H. n. nigricans'', the largest subspecies, breeds in eastern Australia, except northern Queensland, and is the form that has bred in New Zealand.
*''H. n.neglecta '' breeds in western and northern Australia. It is slightly smaller than nominate ''nigricans'' at 11–12 cm length.
*''H. n. timoriensis'', the smallest subspecies, breeds mainly in Timor. It has dark streaks on the throat and neck.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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